Uterine Infection in Dogs

What is pyometra (uterine infection)?

A uterine infection, also known as pyometra, is a fairly common condition in female dogs. It only occurs in dogs that have not been spayed, because the cause of this infection is hormonal.

In pyometra, the uterus fills with pus due to the infection. The amount of pus can vary from dog to dog, but it can become quite substantial. The older the female dog, the higher the risk of developing a uterine infection. However, it is important to be aware that it can occur at any age. Pyometra almost always develops after a heat cycle or after pregnancy.

Difference between open and closed pyometra

With a uterine infection, there can be either a “closed” pyometra or an “open” pyometra.

In a closed pyometra, the cervix is closed. This means that the pus that forms inside the uterus cannot drain and continues to accumulate. As a result, the uterus becomes increasingly enlarged, with the risk that it may rupture. The dog’s condition can deteriorate quickly, and immediate veterinary treatment is required.

In an open pyometra, the cervix is open, allowing the pus to drain from the uterus through the vulva.

What are the symptoms of a uterine infection in dogs?

If your female dog shows the following symptoms, she may have a uterine infection:

• Possible discharge of pus from the vagina (in the case of an open pyometra)
• Drinking and urinating more than usual
• Lethargic or sluggish behavior
• Vomiting
• Red mucous membranes (gums)
• A swollen or enlarged abdomen

If you recognize these signs in your dog, please contact us immediately.

Diagnosis of a uterine infection in dogs

A uterine infection (pyometra) can be diagnosed in several ways:

• Clinical signs: If pus is flowing from the vulva, the diagnosis can often be made quickly. This occurs only in cases of an open pyometra.
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound allows the veterinarian to visualize the uterus and determine whether it is inflamed. This is the most reliable method for diagnosing pyometra.
• Radiology (X-ray): An X-ray can sometimes help in diagnosing pyometra, but early stages may not be visible, making this method less reliable.

In addition to these diagnostic methods, it is also recommended to perform urine and blood tests to assess the dog’s overall health and detect possible complications.

How is a uterine infection treated?

The most effective treatment for a uterine infection is surgical removal of the uterus and ovaries, also known as an ovariohysterectomy. The dog will also receive antibiotics and pain relief as part of the treatment.

A closed pyometra is a very serious condition, and treatment must be started as quickly as possible. Without timely treatment, a uterine infection can be life-threatening.

How to prevent a uterine infection in dogs?

The risk of a uterine infection can be prevented by spaying a female dog at a young age. Early spaying also has additional benefits, such as reducing the risk of mammary tumors and diabetes.

Would you like to learn more about spaying your dog? Read everything about spaying your dog here.