Food allergy In dogs

What is a food allergy?

In a food allergy, a dog’s immune system overreacts to certain components in the food, called allergens. This hypersensitive reaction can cause skin problems and/or gastrointestinal issues. Food allergies are relatively common. Research shows that 10–15% of all dogs have an allergic skin condition.

What are the symptoms of a food allergy?

The most common symptoms of a food allergy in dogs are dermatological:

• Itching
• Dull or greasy coat
• Oily and smelly skin
• Crusts and flakes
• Bald patches
• Recurring ear infections
• Skin infections

A food allergy can also cause gastrointestinal symptoms:

• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Flatulence
• Abdominal pain

Which dogs are prone to a food allergy?

In principle, any dog can develop a food allergy, but some breeds are more susceptible to this condition. Breeds with a predisposition for food allergies include Labrador Retrievers, Boxers, Rhodesian Ridgebacks, Pugs, and West Highland White Terriers.

How is a food allergy diagnosed?

A food allergy involves an excessive reaction of the immune system to allergens in the diet. To diagnose a food allergy, it is necessary to start an elimination diet. This is a diet in which all potential allergens that the dog may be allergic to are removed from the food.

The most common allergens that cause food reactions in dogs are:

• Beef
• Chicken
• Dairy
• Egg
• Wheat
• Soy
• Grain
• Lamb

A diet without these allergens can be either a home-prepared diet or a hydrolyzed commercial diet, such as Royal Canin Anallergenic or Hill’s Z/D. This requires strict adherence from the owner, as the diet must be followed consistently for at least 10 weeks. During this period, the dog must not eat anything else—no bones, treats, or other snacks. If the itching resolves after 10 weeks, it is highly likely that a food allergy was the cause.

There are also allergy tests that can be performed via blood analysis. Unfortunately, these tests are not reliable for diagnosing food allergies.

What is the treatment for a food allergy?

After the dog has been on the elimination diet for 10 weeks, a so-called challenge phase follows. In this phase, one protein source is gradually reintroduced into the diet. If the symptoms return or worsen, it indicates that the dog is allergic to that specific allergen. Some owners choose to skip this step and keep the dog on the elimination diet. Unfortunately, a food allergy cannot be cured, and the dog will need to follow the diet for life to remain symptom-free.

If the dog is severely affected by the symptoms of a food allergy, there are several ways to provide support. Various medications can help relieve itching, and the skin’s recovery can be supported with medicinal shampoos or lotions.

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