Myxomatosis and RHD in Rabbits

Two major viral diseases occur in wild rabbits in the Netherlands, and it is very important to protect our pet rabbits against them. These viral diseases are called Myxomatosis and RHD, and they are almost always fatal.

Myxomatose

What is Myxomatosis?

Myxomatosis is a virus similar to the smallpox virus. It originally comes from South America and reached Europe via Australia.

How do rabbits get infected with Myxomatosis?

Rabbits can become infected through insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and fleas, and sometimes through direct contact with other rabbits. Even rabbits that never go outside can still contract the disease.

What are the symptoms of Myxomatosis?

A rabbit infected with Myxomatosis develops swelling around the eyes, nose, and anus, followed by lumps on other parts of the body. They may also develop pneumonia, which almost always proves fatal.

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) or Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (VHD)

What is RHD / VHD?

Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD), also called Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (VHD), is a highly fatal form of the calicivirus. This virus originally spread from China to Europe in the late 1980s. In 2015, a new variant, RHD2, emerged.

This virus is extremely difficult to control and can be transmitted both through direct contact and contaminated materials. It can survive for a long time outside the body and is resistant to frost. The virus is shed in the urine and feces of infected rabbits, meaning you can easily carry it on your shoes after walking in areas frequented by rabbits. It can also enter your rabbit’s environment via insects, hay, or bedding.

What are the symptoms of RHD / VHD?

RHD/VHD is a very fast-acting and often fatal disease. Symptoms can vary, but common signs include:

• Sudden death: many rabbits die without showing obvious prior symptoms.
• Lethargy and weakness: the rabbit appears unusually tired or inactive.
• Loss of appetite: the rabbit stops eating and drinking.
• Fever: body temperature may rise.
• Breathing difficulties: rapid or labored breathing may occur.
• Bleeding: internal bleeding can lead to blood in the nose, mouth, or feces.
• Neurological signs: in some cases, tremors, incoordination, or seizures may occur.

How do I protect my rabbit from these diseases?

Fortunately, there is a way to protect rabbits from these deadly diseases: vaccination! From the age of 5 weeks, a rabbit can be vaccinated against both Myxomatosis and RHD (both variants). We prefer to carry out the vaccination in April or May to provide optimal protection. The vaccination should be repeated once a year.

If you have any questions about this topic, please don’t hesitate to contact us!